Maintaining adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism is crucial to ensure proper brain perfusion, providing the brain with essential oxygen and energy substrates. Adequate brain perfusion is essential for sustaining normal brain function, facilitating successful aging, and navigating both acute and chronic medical conditions. This review explores the fundamental principles of CBF measurements and current techniques for assessing CBF. These methods include direct intravascular measures, nuclear medicine, X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound techniques, thermal diffusivity, and optical approaches
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